Question:
Who was Sir Henry Parkes ?
Lord Howard Florey
Lord Howard Florey (1898–1968)
Howard Florey was born in Adelaide, South Australia. He was a scientist who won a scholarship to study at Oxford University in England and later became a professor there.
Florey is famous because he developed the medicine penicillin in the 1940s. Before then, many people had died of infections, even from small injuries. With penicillin they could be cured. Many people are alive now because of Florey's medicine.
He was the first Australian to become the president of the Royal Society of Medicine and won a Nobel Prize for his work in 1945. This is only given to a few people in the world each year. In 1965, he was made Lord Florey by Queen Elizabeth II.
A suburb of Canberra is named after him and his face is on the $50 note.
Sir Henry Parkes
Sir Henry Parkes (1816–1896)
Henry Parkes was a politician and was premier of New South Wales five times. Born in England, Parkes had little schooling. He arrived in Australia in 1839, went into business and started a newspaper. He was interested in politics and wanted changes in the way New South Wales was governed. He was elected to the New South Wales Parliament in 1854 and helped introduce laws which improved hospitals and prisons and the lives of small farmers. Parkes began the first of his five terms as premier in 1872.
From the 1860s on, Parkes talked to people about the states joining together (federating). He was president of a convention (meeting) in 1891 to plan a constitution (set of rules) for a federated Australia. While this plan was not chosen, it was used later as a model for the final version. Parkes has been called 'The father of Australian federation'.
The town of Parkes in New South Wales is named after him and his picture appears on stamps.
John Gould
John Gould (1804–1881)
John Gould was born in England and visited Hobart in 1838 with his family. He was very interested in the study of birds and published a book called Birds of Australia. He published 13 other books about Australian birds and other animals after he returned to England in 1840. His wife, Elizabeth, was a very good artist and drew very beautiful and careful pictures of the Australian birds in the books for him.
The Gould League, a society for people who are interested in birds, was named after him. It raises funds and publish books and pictures about birds. They try to protect all the types of native birds in Australia. John Gould's work is also honoured by his picture on a stamp.
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