Question:
What was the Goldrush?
La fiebre del oro
Gold Rush y Consecuencias La fiebre del oro de la década de 1850 aceleró el desarrollo de los sistemas sociales y políticos. En abril de 1851, Edward Hargraves encontró oro en Summer Hill Creek en Nueva Gales del Sur. Con la experiencia reciente de la fiebre del oro de California en cuenta, otros se unieron en la carrera, que se convirtió rápidamente en centro de Victoria en el Monte Alejandro, Ballarat y Bendigo. El oro fue encontrado más tarde en otras partes de Nueva Gales del Sur y Queensland.In los siguientes diez años, Australia exportó más de 124 millones de libras en oro solo. En 1861 la población australiana había llegado a casi 1,2 millones de euros, se ha triplicado con respecto a la población de 1850 de 400.000. Estadounidenses, así como los británicos y los canadienses se unieron a los inmigrantes a las colonias del este. En Victoria, los mineros se convirtió rápidamente en irritación de los altos costos de licencias de extracción y las restricciones a su derecho a la búsqueda de oro. Antes de las tasas se redujeron, un pequeño grupo de mineros organizaron un levantamiento en la empalizada de Eureka de Ballarat, en diciembre de mineros y colonos 1854.Both respondió con alarma a la llegada de inmigrantes chinos atraídos por el oro. En 1856, Victoria restringió la entrada de chinos. Finalmente, la exclusión de todos los colonos europeos, pero dio a las colonias una? Australia Blanca? política que fue defendida con vigor cada vez que parecía que las nuevas amenazas a puestos de trabajo de Australia o la cultura. En ocasiones parecía que de Queensland, que comenzó a importar trabajadores polinesios (llamado kanakas) para las plantaciones de caña de azúcar en la década de 1860, podría permanecer en contradicción con las otras colonias, pero finalmente conformada, las plantaciones fueron sustituidos por granjas de azúcar en pequeña escala a cargo de los blancos, y la política de la Australia Blanca siguió proporcionando un vínculo emocional entre los colonos.
Controversia económica / yacimientos de oro
Económico controversia en la década de 1860 los yacimientos de oro comenzó a declinar. Aunque las exportaciones de lana mantiene las colonias bastante próspera, el debate colonial pronto se centró en el papel del gobierno en la economía. En particular, la construcción del ferrocarril, debido a los costos y la ausencia de centros de mercado interior, se convirtió en una actividad de gobierno. En 1866, Victoria, seguido por Australia del Sur y Tasmania, adoptó una política de elevados aranceles sobre las mercancías importadas, a fin de proteger sus propias industrias y mercados pequeños. Nueva Gales del Sur (y en Queensland, en menor medida) la continuación de quedarse con una policy.Throughout de libre comercio de los años 1870 y 1880, los argumentos sobre el libre comercio frente a protección de dividir la prensa, los partidos políticos, y las colonias. Esto, junto con los celos entre ellos continúa, ha obstaculizado cualquier intento significativo en la cooperación y la posible unión entre las seis colonias hasta la década de 1890.
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