De Desarrollo de Instituciones Políticas La mayor transferencia de autoridad de Gran Bretaña a las colonias fue ayudado por Gran Bretaña? S adopción de libre comercio en la década de 1840. El libre comercio, lo que significaba que Gran Bretaña podría comprar al proveedor del precio más bajo y vender en el mercado más rentable, eliminado? Al menos en principio? La necesidad de colonias. Así, en 1850, sin tener que unirse en un frente común, las colonias orientales recibieron nuevas constituciones. Victoria, Australia del Sur, y de Van Diemen? S Land (que cambió su nombre por el de Tasmania en 1854) se les dio consejos legislativos, con dos tercios de los miembros a ser elegidos. Nueva Gales del Sur se había concedido la misma disposición en 1842.By mediados de la década de 1850, cada una de las cuatro colonias orientales remodeló su sistema de gobierno y obtuvieron el control sobre su política de tierras. Los nuevos sistemas de poder a manos de un gabinete o consejo de ministros responsables de la legislatura y siempre de una asamblea de elección popular como parte de la legislatura. La votación (en lugar de por el aumento de las manos) y otras innovaciones hechas a los nuevos gobiernos bastante democrático. Las nuevas constituciones reflejan los intereses de las poblaciones urbanas, que querían reducir el poder político de los pastores, los ganaderos, pero aún así, durante los años 1850 y 1860, para ganar más seguridad en sus tierras.
Nuevos asentamientos, como preludio a los intereses británicos aumentaron, el capitán James Stirling (después, Sir James) exploró el río Swan, en la costa occidental en 1827 y encabezó un grupo de inversores británicos en el establecimiento de Australia Occidental en 1829. Fondos suficientes, Stirling? S nuevo asentamiento de colonos libres en Perth se estancó. En 1850 la colonia pidió condenados a aumentar su oferta de trabajo y recibió cerca de 10.000 hasta 1868. Sólo con el descubrimiento de oro en la década de 1890, sin embargo, fue la fortuna de Australia Occidental reversed.South Australia, con su capital de Adelaida, fue establecido en julio de 1837. Era el plan de Edward Wakefield, un reformador británico que quería crear nuevas colonias británicas que refleja los valores culturales. Mediante la venta de la tierra en lugar de dar a la basura (la práctica británica pasado), Wakefield esperaba usar los ingresos para patrocinar la inmigración de trabajadores para satisfacer las necesidades de los agricultores de la colonia. Mediante el control de precios de la tierra, se suponía que iba a regular la expansión colonial. La nueva colonia lograron finalmente como una sociedad de agricultores de grano pequeño. Al igual que cada una de las otras colonias, no reconoce los derechos de los aborígenes.
El Estado Libre Asociado
Central a la historia de Australia en el siglo 20 fue el desarrollo de ambos un gobierno nacional y una cultura nacional. gobiernos de la Commonwealth, dirigido por los arquitectos de la federación como Alfred Deakin, rápidamente estableció un arancel de protección para fomentar el desarrollo interno, diseñado procedimientos para fijar los salarios mínimos en la industria, y conservado la política de inmigración blanca. Sin embargo, los australianos tienden a mantener sus identidades coloniales, y los partidos políticos a nivel nacional tienden a ser vagamente definido.
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Lynne Christen |